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For rotating stars (rotational broadening > intrinsic line broadening) the Doppler-imaging principle applies: the rotation resolves the stellar disk in the velocity space of the line profile. Hence, mode-identification is 'easy'.
Pulsation modes up to L∼20 can be observed with high-resolution spectroscopy.
l=0 m=0 radial mode | l=4 m=0 zonal mode | l=5 m=-3 prograde mode | l=9 m=3 retrograde mode | l=7 m=-7 sectoral prograde |
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